A Chinese language-affiliated risk actor recognized for its cyber-attacks in Asia has been noticed exploiting a safety flaw in safety software program from ESET to ship a beforehand undocumented malware codenamed TCESB.
“Beforehand unseen in ToddyCat assaults, [TCESB] is designed to stealthily execute payloads in circumvention of safety and monitoring instruments put in on the machine,” Kaspersky mentioned in an evaluation printed this week.
ToddyCat is the title given to a risk exercise cluster that has focused a number of entities in Asia, with assaults courting all the way in which again to no less than December 2020.
Final yr, the Russian cybersecurity vendor detailed the hacking group’s use of varied instruments to take care of persistent entry to compromised environments and harvest information on an “industrial scale” from organizations positioned within the Asia-Pacific area.
Kaspersky mentioned its investigation into ToddyCat-related incidents in early 2024 unearthed a suspicious DLL file (“model.dll”) within the temp listing on a number of units. The 64-bit DLL, TCESB, has been discovered to be launched through a way referred to as DLL Search Order Hijacking to grab management of the execution circulation.
This, in flip, is alleged to have been achieved by making the most of a flaw within the ESET Command Line Scanner, which insecurely masses a DLL named “model.dll” by first checking for the file within the present listing after which checking for it within the system directories.
It is price declaring at this stage that “model.dll” is a respectable version-checking and file set up library from Microsoft that resides within the “C:Windowssystem32” or “C:WindowsSysWOW64” directories.
A consequence of exploiting this loophole is that attackers may execute their malicious model of “model.dll” versus its respectable counterpart. The vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2024-11859 (CVSS rating: 6.8), was mounted by ESET in late January 2025 following accountable disclosure.
“The vulnerability probably allowed an attacker with administrator privileges to load a malicious dynamic-link library and execute its code,” ESET mentioned in an advisory launched final week. “This method didn’t elevate the privileges, although – the attacker would have already wanted to have administrator privileges to carry out this assault.”
In an announcement shared with The Hacker Information, the Slovak cybersecurity firm mentioned it launched mounted builds of its shopper, enterprise, and server safety merchandise for the Home windows working system to deal with the vulnerability.
TCESB, for its half, is a modified model of an open-source device referred to as EDRSandBlast that features options to change working system kernel buildings to disable notification routines (aka callbacks), that are designed to permit drivers to be notified of particular occasions, similar to course of creation or setting a registry key.
To tug this off, TCESB leverages one other recognized approach known as carry your individual susceptible driver (BYOVD) to put in a susceptible driver, a Dell DBUtilDrv2.sys driver, within the system by means of the Gadget Supervisor interface. The DBUtilDrv2.sys driver is vulnerable to a recognized privilege escalation flaw tracked as CVE-2021-36276.
This isn’t the primary time Dell drivers have been abused for malicious functions. In 2022, an identical privilege escalation vulnerability (CVE-2021-21551) in one other Dell driver, dbutil_2_3.sys, was additionally exploited as a part of BYOVD assaults by the North Korea-linked Lazarus Group to show off safety mechanisms.
“As soon as the susceptible driver is put in within the system, TCESB runs a loop wherein it checks each two seconds for the presence of a payload file with a particular title within the present listing – the payload might not be current on the time of launching the device,” Kaspersky researcher Andrey Gunkin mentioned.
Whereas the payload artifacts themselves are unavailable, additional evaluation has decided that they’re encrypted utilizing AES-128 and that they’re decoded and executed as quickly as they seem within the specified path.
“To detect the exercise of such instruments, it is really useful to observe techniques for set up occasions involving drivers with recognized vulnerabilities,” Kaspersky mentioned. “It is also price monitoring occasions related to loading Home windows kernel debug symbols on units the place debugging of the working system kernel will not be anticipated.”